体道 · 众妙之门
Tǐ Dào
Classical Chinese Text
道 可 道也, 非 恒/常 道 也。 名 可 名, 非 恒 名也。 无名,万物之始也;有名,万物之母也。 故恒无欲也,以观其眇;恒有欲也,以观其所徼。 两者同出,异名同谓。玄之又玄,众眇之门。
Translation & Meaning
可以用言语说出来的“道”,就不是那永恒不变的本源之道;可以用概念去命名的“名”,就不是那永恒不移的真常之名。 “无”,用以称呼天地开辟之前的本始;“有”,用以称呼万物化生不息的母体。 因此,常处于清净无欲之境,以此观照大道深微的奥妙;常顺应生机显化之境,以此体察万物分明的端倪。 “无”与“有”这两者,出于同一本源而名称相异,皆可称之为深远幽玄。 幽玄之中更显幽玄,这正是通往天地一切奥妙的总门径。
Linguistic & Character Analysis
- 道 (dào): The Way / Logos / to speak
- 可 (kě): can / capable of being
- 也 (yě): [modal particle of assertion]
- 非 (fēi): is not / false / not equal to
- 恒 (héng): eternal / dynamic constant
- 常 (cháng): constant / dynamic invariable
- 名 (míng): name / conceptual label / to name
- 无 (wú): formless void / non-being / without
- 万 (wàn): ten thousand / myriad / all
- 物 (wù): things / phenomena / forms
- 之 (zhī): particle: of / possessive / it
- 始 (shǐ): dawn / primordial origin
- 有 (yǒu): manifest being / cosmos / to possess
- 母 (mǔ): mother / generative root
- 故 (gù): therefore / thus / consequence
- 欲 (yù): intent / desire / craving
- 以 (yǐ): in order to / by means of
- 观 (guān): observe / contemplate essence
- 其 (qí): its / their / his / her
- 眇 (miǎo): subtlety / mystical profundity
- 所 (suǒ): place / frontier / that which
- 徼 (jiǎo): frontier / outer boundary
- 两 (liǎng): two / duality / polarity
- 者 (zhě): aspects / those who / things
- 同 (tóng): identical / unified / same source
- 出 (chū): emerge / issue forth / originate
- 异 (yì): differ / distinct / contrasting
- 谓 (wèi): called / named / designated
- 玄 (xuán): mystery / fathomless depth
- 又 (yòu): upon / further / layered
- 众 (zhòng): multitude / myriad mass
- 门 (mén): gateway / portal of reality
Commentary
青禾散人评注:《道德经》开篇即破除名相执着。语言只是指向月亮的手指,一旦将概念固化为教条,便失落了鲜活流动的“常道”。无与有并非二元对立,而是同一实相的一体两面:于虚静中见本源之妙,于显化中识现象之界。